linux安装MySQL8.0

一、离线安装

1.1. 上传到服务器指定目录

从官网下载对应tar包，以centos为例：mysql-8.0.35-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz

1.2. 解压安装包

先解压为tar包，在解压成文件夹

xz -d mysql-8.0.35-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz

tar xvf mysql-8.0.35-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar 

1.3. 创建工作目录

mv mysql-8.0.35-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql

cd /usr/local/mysql/
mkdir data

1.4. 创建用户并赋予权限

groupadd mysql
useradd -g mysql mysql

chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/data

1.5. 初始化数据库

命令中添加了忽略大小写的配置lower-case-table-names，1.6中的配置文件同样需要添加该配置，否则启动会报错。

bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data  --lower-case-table-names=1

初始化成功后会打印一个初始密码，root@localhost:后面的字符需要记录，后面登录要用

[root@localhost local]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data  --lower-case-table-names=1
2024-04-25T02:55:45.571780Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.35) initializing of server in progress as process 64838
2024-04-25T02:55:45.585064Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started.
2024-04-25T02:55:46.600925Z 1 [System] [MY-013577] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has ended.
2024-04-25T02:55:48.391974Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: f&s!tojVX4la

1.6. 配置

vim /etc/my.cng

文件内容为：

[client]
port=3306
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock

[mysqld]
port=3306
user=mysql
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
lower_case_table_names=1

1.7. 启动服务

cp -a ./support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql

chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysql
chkconfig --add mysql
service mysql start

1.8. 修改密码及远程访问

在/usr/local/bin目录下添加软连接，方便使用mysql命令

cd /usr/local/bin
ln -fs /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql mysql

使用命令连接并修改密码，然后修改root登录的权限，开启远程访问

mysql -u root -p

alter user 'root'@'loaclhost' identified by 'tzkj123456'; 


use mysql;
select host from user where user='root';
update user set host = '%' where user ='root';
flush privileges;

1.9. 可能遇到的问题

登录mysql时依赖找不到

mysql: error while loading shared libraries: libtinfo.so.5: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

查找相同名称开头的文件，创建软连接让引用指向存在的依赖

[root@localhost /]# find  / -name 'libtinfo.*'
/home/docker/run/overlay2/36d14f77c819e713064a3c0bb231cef9c86322598b1b7c9a083051fd317feb8c/diff/lib64/libtinfo.so.5
/home/docker/run/overlay2/36d14f77c819e713064a3c0bb231cef9c86322598b1b7c9a083051fd317feb8c/diff/lib64/libtinfo.so.5.7
find: ‘/run/user/1000/gvfs’: Permission denied
/usr/lib64/libtinfo.so.6
/usr/lib64/libtinfo.so.6.1
[root@localhost /]# ln -s /usr/lib64/libtinfo.so.6 /usr/lib64/libtinfo.so.5